The Effect of Hybrid Training (Virtual and Face-to-Face) on Learning Handball Skills of Physical Education Students

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 department of motor behavior, faculty of sport sciences, Bu-ali sina university, hamedan, iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Sports Management, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

3 department of sport managment, faculty of sport sciences, bu-ali sina university, hamedan iran

10.22084/jmtlehe.2025.30566.1002

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Due to the circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic, the academic education process, particularly in professional specializations, underwent a series of procedural and instructional reforms. These changes required reducing hands-on practice for physical education students in practical courses and shifting to online delivery, which in turn created ambiguities in verifying and translating theoretical knowledge into practice. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a blended training program (virtual and face-to-face) on the acquisition of practical handball skills among male and female physical education students.

Methods: In this study, 67 students of Sports Science (36 girls and 31 boys) were purposefully assigned to two groups: experimental and control. The shooting, fast passing, and overhand pass skills in handball were evaluated at pretest and posttest using the Handball Skills Zine test. The experimental group received handball skills training for six sessions online and six sessions in-person.

Findings: The findings showed that the hybrid training method did not have a statistically significant effect on the learning of handball shooting, fast passing, and overhand passing skills in both girls and boys.

Conclusion: In pandemic conditions or similar situations where in-person instructional courses are not feasible, using a hybrid education model (online and in-person) for entirely practical courses cannot be considered an appropriate method to enhance students’ practical abilities and improve educational quality. Therefore, the use of other methods is recommended.

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